Laser Walda Basics
Waldawar Laser tsari ne mara tuntuɓar wanda ke buƙatar samun dama ga yankin walda daga gefe ɗaya na sassan da ake waldawa.
• An samar da walda yayin da tsananin hasken Laser yana da sauri yana dumama kayan-yawanci ƙididdigewa a cikin milli- seconds.
• Akwai yawanci nau'ikan walda guda uku:
– Yanayin gudanarwa.
– Yanayin gudanarwa/shigarwa.
– Yanayin shiga ko ramin maɓalli.
• Ana yin walda na yanayin aiki a ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda ke samar da ƙugiya mai zurfi da fadi.
• Yanayin gudanarwa/shigarwa yana faruwa a matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfi, kuma yana nuna ƙarin shigar ciki fiye da yanayin gudanarwa.
• Yanayin waldawa ko ramukan maɓalli yana da siffa mai zurfi mai zurfi.
- A cikin wannan yanayin hasken Laser yana samar da filament na kayan da aka yi amfani da shi wanda aka sani a matsayin "keyhole" wanda ke fadada cikin kayan kuma yana ba da hanyar don hasken Laser da za a iya isar da shi da kyau a cikin kayan.
- Wannan isar da makamashi kai tsaye a cikin kayan ba ya dogara da gudanarwa don cimma shiga, don haka yana rage zafi a cikin kayan kuma yana rage yankin da ya shafa zafi.
Gudanar da Welding
• Haɗin kai yana bayyana dangi na matakai wanda aka mayar da hankali kan katako na Laser:
- Don ba da ƙarfin ƙarfi akan tsari na 10³ Wmm⁻²
- Yana fuses abu don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa ba tare da gagarumin vaporization ba.
Waldawar gudanarwa tana da hanyoyi guda biyu:
– Dumama kai tsaye
– Makamashi watsa.
Zafin Kai tsaye
• Yayin dumama kai tsaye,
- Ana gudanar da kwararar zafi ta hanyar sarrafa zafin jiki na gargajiya daga tushen zafi kuma ana yin walda ta hanyar narkewar sassan kayan tushe.
• An yi waldi na 1st conduction a farkon shekarun 1960, an yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na ruby da CO2 Laser don masu haɗin waya.
• Ana iya yin walda a cikin kewayon karafa da gami a cikin nau'ikan wayoyi da zanen gado na bakin ciki daban-daban ta amfani da su.
- CO2 , Nd: YAG da diode lasers tare da matakan wuta akan tsari na dubun watts.
– Dumama kai tsaye ta a CO2 Hakanan za'a iya amfani da katako na Laser don cinya da walƙiya a cikin zanen polymer.
Welding watsawa
Waldawar watsawa hanya ce mai inganci ta haɗa polymers waɗanda ke watsa hasken infrared na kusa da Nd:YAG da lasers diode.
• Ana ɗaukar makamashi ta hanyar sabbin hanyoyin sha ta fuskar fuska.
• Za'a iya haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa idan dai cewa halayen thermal na matrix da ƙarfafawa sun kasance iri ɗaya.
• Ana amfani da yanayin watsa makamashi na walƙiya mai sarrafawa tare da kayan da ke watsawa kusa da infrared radiation, musamman polymers.
• Ana sanya tawada mai ɗaukar nauyi a wurin haɗin gwiwar cinya. Tawada yana ɗaukar makamashin katako na Laser, wanda aka gudanar a cikin ƙayyadaddun kauri na kayan da ke kewaye don samar da narkakkar fim ɗin tsaka-tsakin da ke ƙarfafa matsayin haɗin gwiwa.
• Za a iya yin haɗin gwiwar cinya mai kauri ba tare da narke saman haɗin gwiwa ba.
• Ana iya yin walda ta butt ta hanyar jagorantar makamashi zuwa layin haɗin gwiwa a wani kusurwa ta hanyar abu a gefe ɗaya na haɗin gwiwa, ko daga ƙarshen ɗaya idan kayan yana da matukar tasiri.
Laser Soldering da Brazing
• A cikin tsarin siyar da Laser da brazing, ana amfani da katako don narke ƙari, wanda ke jika gefuna na haɗin gwiwa ba tare da narkar da kayan tushe ba.
• Laser soldering ya fara samun karbuwa a farkon shekarun 1980 don shiga jagororin kayan aikin lantarki ta hanyar ramuka a allon da'ira da aka buga. Ana ƙayyade sigogin tsari ta hanyar kayan kayan aiki.
Shigar Laser Welding
• A babban ƙarfin ƙarfin duk kayan za su ƙafe idan ana iya ɗaukar makamashi. Don haka, idan ana walda ta wannan hanya rami yakan samu ta hanyar fitar ruwa.
Ana ratsa wannan “rami” ta cikin kayan tare da narkakkar bangon da aka rufe a bayansa.
Sakamakon shine abin da aka sani da "maɓallin maɓalli. Wannan yana da siffa ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun gefen gefe da kunkuntar fadinsa.
Ingantacciyar walda ta Laser
Kalmar da za ta ayyana wannan ra'ayi na inganci ana saninsa da "hanzarin haɗin gwiwa".
• Ingantaccen haɗin kai ba ingantaccen inganci bane domin yana da raka'a na (mm2 haɗa /kJ kawota).
- Ingantaccen aiki = Vt / P (madaidaicin takamaiman makamashi a yankan) inda V = saurin wucewa, mm / s; t = kauri mai walda, mm; P = ikon aukuwa, KW.
Haɗin Haɓakawa
• Mafi girman ƙimar haɓakar haɗin gwiwa ana kashe ƙarancin makamashi a cikin dumama mara amfani.
- Yankin da ya shafa ƙananan zafi (HAZ).
– Ƙananan murdiya.
• Juriya walda ya fi dacewa ta wannan bangaren saboda fusion da makamashin HAZ ne kawai aka samar a babban juriya na dubawa don waldawa.
• Laser da na'urar lantarki suma suna da ingantattun ingantattun ayyuka da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi.
Bambance-bambancen tsari
• Arc Augmented Laser Welding.
- Arc daga fitilar TIG da aka ɗora kusa da wurin hulɗar katako na Laser zai kulle ta atomatik akan wurin da aka haifar da Laser.
– Yanayin zafin da ake buƙata don wannan al'amari yana kusa da 300 ° C sama da yanayin da ke kewaye.
- Tasirin shine ko dai don daidaita baka wanda ba shi da kwanciyar hankali saboda saurin da yake tafiya ko kuma don rage juriya na arc wanda ya tsaya.
- Kulle kawai yana faruwa ne don arcs tare da ƙarancin halin yanzu kuma saboda haka jinkirin jet na cathode; wato, ga igiyoyin ruwa da bai wuce 80A ba.
– The baka ne a gefe guda na workpiece a matsayin Laser wanda damar sau biyu na waldi gudun ga wani suna fadin karuwa a babban birnin kasar kudin.
• Tagwayen katako Laser waldi
– Idan aka yi amfani da 2 Laser katako a lokaci guda to akwai yuwuwar sarrafa walda pool geometry da walda bead siffar.
- Yin amfani da katako na lantarki guda 2, za a iya daidaita ramin maɓalli yana haifar da raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a kan tafkin walda da kuma ba da mafi kyawun shigar ciki da siffar katako.
– An excimer kuma CO2 Laser katako hade nuna ingantattun hada guda biyu ga waldi na high reflectivity kayan, kamar aluminum ko jan karfe za a iya samu.
- An yi la'akari da haɓakar haɗakarwa ta musamman saboda:
• musanya hasashe ta hanyar tsagewar saman da abin ke haifarwa.
• Tasiri na biyu da ke fitowa daga haɗawa ta hanyar abin da aka samar da plasma na excimer.
