Injin yanke laser na fiber yawanci yana kashe kimanin fam miliyan ɗaya $30 zuwa $65 a kowace awa da za a yi amfani da hasken rana, gami da mai aiki. Ba tare da aiki ba, wutar lantarki, iskar gas, abubuwan amfani, da kulawa za su zo kusan. $6 to $40 a kowace awa ya danganta da wutar lantarki ta laser da iskar gas. Wutar lantarki ita ce mafi ƙarancin layi, sau da yawa $2 to $7 awa daya; nitrogen da aiki sune mafi girma.
Don farashin kayan aikin yanke laser, yi caji: (lokacin injin × farashin shagon ku) + (kudin kayan aiki × alamar farashi) + kuɗin saitin, tare da mafi ƙarancin kuɗin oda a matsayin bene. Gina ƙimar shagon daga farashin ku maimakon kwafi mai gasa: ƙaramin shagon laser na fiber na yau da kullun yana karya ko da a wani wuri a kusa da shi. $60 zuwa $70 a kowace awa na injin da kwatancen farashi $90 ko fiye da zarar an ƙara margin.
Farashin lathes na katako na CNC yana gudana daga ko'ina $200 don ƙananan injinan sha'awa da $1,200 ku $3,600 don lathes na midi zuwa $2,800 ku $11,180 don injinan samar da axis guda ɗaya da biyu ta atomatik, tare da samfuran sassaka masu girman 4 masu girman gaske waɗanda suka kai girman 1,180 $13,000. Farashin ya biyo bayan ƙidayar axis, adadin gado, da kuma sarrafa kansa, kuma madaidaicin madauri yana bin adadin kayan aikinka na yau da kullun.
Injin lanƙwasa ƙarfe na takarda yana samar da ƙarfe mai lebur zuwa siffofi masu kusurwa ta hanyar danna naushi a cikin wani abu ko naɗe zanen a kusa da gefen da aka manne. A cikin samarwa, lanƙwasawa ita ce rabi na biyu na aikin yanke-sannan-lanƙwasa: injin laser ko plasma yana yanke guraben da suka dace da kyau da farko, sannan injin lanƙwasa ya samar da su zuwa sassan da aka gama.
Injin juya ƙafar teburi lathe ne na katako na CNC wanda aka tsara don samar da ƙafafu na kayan daki: yana canza sandunan katako masu siffar murabba'i zuwa ƙafafu masu siffar murabba'i, masu siffar fuska, ko waɗanda aka sassaka daga zane mai zane, yana samar da ƙafa bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan tare da kowace ƙafa a cikin saitin iri ɗaya. Layukan layi masu laushi suna aiki akan injunan axis guda ɗaya, bayanan da aka juya akan axis ɗaya ko biyu, kuma ƙafafun da aka yi wa sarewa ko igiya suna buƙatar injin mai axis 4 tare da sandar sassaka.
Don amfani da injin lathe na katako na CNC: shirya madaidaicin fili mai murabba'i mai tsayi kaɗan fiye da ɓangaren, manne shi tsakanin bututun tuƙi da tsakiyar injin tailstock, sanya wurin hutawa mai ɗorewa a ƙarƙashin kowane siriri, ɗora ko zana rabin bayanin martaba a cikin mai sarrafawa, gudanar da wucewa mai ƙarfi don zagaye wurin da babu komai, sannan wucewa ta ƙarewa tare da lanƙwasa da aka tsara. Yawancin matsalolin suna komawa ga ingancin mara komai, tallafi, ko yanayin ruwan wukake maimakon shirin.
Taimakon iska yana tura kwararar iskar gas ta bututun laser zuwa wurin yankewa. Yana share hayaki da tarkace da suka narke, yana kare ruwan tabarau, yana danne harshen wuta, kuma yana kaifafa ingancin gefen. Matsakaicin matsin lamba na farawa: sandar 0.2 zuwa 1 don sassaka, sandar 1 zuwa 3 don CO2 yankewa, da kuma sanduna 6 zuwa 16 don iskar gas ɗin yanke ƙarfe na fiber.
Birki na injin CNC yana lanƙwasa takardar ƙarfe ta hanyar danna matsewa a saman wani abu da ke ƙarƙashin ikon kwamfuta. Samfuran injinan hydraulic sun dace da faranti mai kauri da babban tan, yayin da samfuran lantarki na servo suna ba da daidaito mafi girma da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi daga kashi 50 zuwa 70 cikin ɗari akan siririn takardar. Haɗa nau'in tuƙi zuwa kauri na kayan ku, jure wa sashi, da kuma girman lanƙwasa na yau da kullun.
Injin lathe na katako na CNC yana canza murabba'i ko zagaye zuwa bayanan martaba da aka gama ta atomatik, yana bin diddigin zanen CAD maimakon gouge na hannu ko samfurin zahiri. Adadin axis yana yanke shawara kan iyawa: injunan axis guda ɗaya da biyu suna samar da zagayen spindles cikin sauri, yayin da injunan axis 4 tare da spindles na sassaka suna ƙara sarewa, karkace, da sassaka saman a cikin zagaye ɗaya.
Eh. Kowace aikin laser yana fitar da ƙananan barbashi da iskar gas, don haka iskar shaka dole ne, ba zaɓi ba ne. Ko dai a fitar da wurin da aka rufe a waje ta hanyar rufewa ko kuma a sake zagayawa ta hanyar na'urar cire hayaki mai tacewa tare da HEPA da matakan carbon da aka kunna. Girman iskar da ke fitowa daga wurin da aka rufe: kimanin CFM 150 ga teburi da CFM 300 zuwa 500 ga kabad. CO2 inji.
Laser ɗin zare na MOPA suna yin launin bakin ƙarfe ta hanyar shuka wani siririn fim ɗin oxide wanda kaurinsa ke lanƙwasa haske zuwa launinsa. 20W tushe, zinare yana farawa kusan 550 mm/s a 230 kHz tare da gajerun bugun jini, yayin da shuɗi mai zurfi yana kusa da 250 mm/s a 80 kHz tare da dogon bugun jini. Daidaitattun ƙimomin sun ta'allaka ne akan na'ura, don haka gudanar da matrix na gwajin launi da farko.
Ba a taɓa yankewa da laser ba: PVC da vinyl (yana fitar da iskar chlorine wanda ke zama hydrochloric acid), ABS (yana fitar da hydrogen cyanide), HDPE (yana kama wuta kuma yana narkewa), polycarbonate mai kauri (yana canza launi da ƙonewa), PTFE/Teflon (mahaɗan fluorine masu guba), fiberglass da epoxy composites (haɗarin resin mai guba), fata mai launin chrome (haɗarin chromium mai cutar kansa), da duk wani filastik da ba a san ko waye ba. Akwai musanya mai aminci ga kowanne, wanda fata mai launin acrylic da aka yi wa fenti da kayan lambu ke jagoranta.
Ana sassaka gilashin da aka shafa da foda ta hanyar goge murfin don bayyana bakin ƙarfe mai haske a ƙasa. Wurin farawa: a 30W Zaren yana gudana daga 600 zuwa 900 mm/s a kashi 50 zuwa 70 cikin ɗari, a 60W CO2 Yana gudana daga 300 zuwa 400 mm/s a kashi 20 zuwa 35 cikin ɗari, koyaushe yana kan axis mai juyawa tare da mayar da hankali a saman lanƙwasa.
Annealing na Laser yana dumama bakin ƙarfe har sai wani santsi mai duhu ya fito, ba tare da cire komai ba kuma yana barin juriyar tsatsa, yayin da sassaka ke yanke zurfin da za a iya aunawa kuma zane-zanen suna tsakanin. 30W tushen zare, annealing yana farawa kusan 150 mm/s a kashi 50 zuwa 70, 40 zuwa 60 kHz, tare da cire mayar da hankali daga 1 zuwa 3 mm.
Saitin sassaka na Laser ya dogara da nau'in laser, ƙarfin da aka ƙima, da kayan aiki. Matsakaicin wuraren farawa: lasers na diode suna sassaka itace a 3000 zuwa 6000 mm/min da kuma kashi 40 zuwa 70 na ƙarfin, CO2 Na'urorin laser suna aiki daga 300 zuwa 500 mm/s a kashi 12 zuwa 25 cikin ɗari, kuma na'urorin laser na fiber suna nuna ƙarfe a 300 zuwa 900 mm/s. Kullum a tabbatar da ƙima da ƙaramin grid na gwaji kafin a samar da su.
Tagulla da jan ƙarfe suna kan gaba a cikin kowace jerin ƙarfe da ke yaƙi da laser. Tagulla mai ƙarfi yana nuna kusan kashi 95 cikin 100 na hasken laser na zare, tagulla ba ta da nisa, kuma duka biyun sun taɓa ɗaukar gargaɗi a cikin littattafan tushen laser. Duk da haka, ɗakunan kayan ado suna yanke zanen tagulla kowace rana, kuma masana'antun bas suna yanke jan ƙarfe da yawa. Wannan jagorar ta bayyana abin da ya canza, inda ainihin haɗarin ke rayuwa, ƙaramin ƙarfin da ke sa kowane ƙarfe ya zama mai amfani, da dabarun iskar gas mai rikitarwa wanda ya raba biyun.
MDF da plywood sune allunan biyu a kowane CO2 Mai amfani da laser ya fara kai wa ga na farko, kuma dandalin tattaunawa suna cike da muhawara iri ɗaya game da wanne ya cancanci gado. Dukansu suna da kyau a kan saitunan da suka dace, kuma duka suna da yanayin gazawa ɗayan ba ya yi: MDF chars duhu kuma hayaki yana da ƙarfi, yayin da plywood ke ɓoye layukan manne da voids waɗanda babu fayil ɗin sigogi da zai iya hasashensu. Wannan jagorar ta warware zaɓin ta hanyar aiki, tare da bambance-bambancen char, manne, hayaki, da saitunan da suka yanke shawara a zahiri.
Eh, ƙarfe mai kauri da aka yanke ta hanyar laser yana da aminci idan injin yana da ingantaccen cire hayaki da tacewa; ba shi da haɗari idan ba tare da su ba. Rufin zinc yana tururi zuwa hayakin zinc oxide wanda ke haifar da zazzabin hayakin ƙarfe idan an shaƙa shi, don haka injin da aka rufe tare da tsarin shaye-shaye da tacewa mai yawan kwarara, wanda aka ajiye ƙasa da iyakar OSHA na 5 mg/m3 zinc oxide, shine abin da ake buƙata. Kada a taɓa yanke galvanized a cikin sarari mara iska.
Kalmar billet ana jefa ta kamar alama mai inganci: ƙafafun billet, madannin ɗaukar billet, akwatunan wayar billet, komai na billet. Talla ta tsawaita kalmar har zuwa yanzu har yawancin masu siye, da kuma masu injinan sha'awa da yawa, ba za su iya faɗin ainihin ma'anarta ba. Wannan jagorar ta gyara hakan. Ta bayyana billet da kayan da aka yi da siminti da na jabu, ta bayyana dalilin da ya sa masu injinan ke kula da su, ta kwatanta maki 2 da suka mamaye shagunan sha'awa da ƙwararru (6061 da 7075), kuma ta yi tafiya cikin ciyarwa da saurin kayan don yanke billet aluminum akan injin niƙa ko Injin sassaka na CNC mai ƙarfin aluminum.
Gas ɗin taimako shine mafi girman kuɗin aiki akan yawancin lasers na fiber bayan wutar lantarki, kuma mafi ƙarancin bincike. Shaguna suna gadon dabi'ar gas tare da injin, suna sarrafa shi tsawon shekaru, kuma ba sa yin lissafi kan ko ƙarancin nitrogen, saurin iskar oxygen, ko farashin iska kusan sifili ya dace da sassan da ke fita. Wannan jagorar ita ce tsarin yanke shawara: abin da kowane gas yake yi, kwatancen ingancin gefe a kan ƙarfe mai laushi, bakin ƙarfe, da aluminum, lissafin farashi-kowane ɓangare, da kuma adadin matsi ta kauri.
