A cikin wannan labarin, za a yi amfani da kalmar "ƙarshen" don komawa ga duk abin da ake yankan Injin sassaƙa na CNC. A cikin masana'antu, ana iya kiran nau'ikan ƙarewa daban-daban a matsayin ƙarewa, rago, ƙwanƙwasa, Injin Yankan, ko drills (don suna kaɗan). Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sunaye sun fi dacewa da wasu ƙarewa, amma don fayyace, duk za a kira su gaba ɗaya a matsayin "ƙarewa" a cikin wannan labarin.
Zaɓin kayan aikin da za a yi aiki tare da na'urar sassaƙa ta CNC na buƙatar la'akari da abubuwan da suka wuce kawai ɓangaren ƙarshe da ake so. Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana shafar abubuwa daban-daban ta hanyoyi daban-daban, daban-daban ta ƙarshen amfani da saitunan injin. Mai amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da kansa, musamman ma ƙarshen da aka yi amfani da shi, yana shafar kayan. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci zaɓuɓɓukan kayan da ake da su kuma don samun damar zana tsinkaya daga halayen sanannun kayan yayin yanke shawarar yin aiki tare da kayan da ba daidai ba.
Woods
Akwai nau'ikan itace da yawa da ake da su don yin aiki tare da na'urar sassaƙa ta CNC, kuma bai kamata a yi la'akari da bambancin kaddarorin su ba. Sun bambanta cikin taurin, tauri, tauri, da yawa, a tsakanin sauran kaddarorin. Duk itace, duk da haka, wani nau'i ne na polymers na halitta cellulose da lignin, tare da wasu abun ciki na sap ko resin.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa kaddarorin za su canza tare da danshi na itace. Gabaɗaya, danshi yana sa itace ya yi laushi, ya fi sassauƙa, mai yawa, kuma ya fi mannewa. Itacen da aka yi amfani da su tare da na'urorin ya kamata a adana su a cikin wuri mai bushe kuma a yanke lokacin bushe.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne, dazuzzuka a cikin nau'ikan kaddarorin sun dace da amfani da injin sassaƙaƙe na CNC. Itace tana da ƙarancin ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da ƙarshen na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙarfe na yau da kullun, don haka akwai ƙarancin lalacewa akan injin. Itace kuma tana da ƙananan ductility, don haka itacen da aka cire zai karye cikin ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta waɗanda a sauƙaƙe jefawa ko kuma cire su daga wurin aiki, barin ƙarshen ya kasance cikin sanyi.
Nau'in katako
• Softwoods: Pine, cedar, fir.
• Hardwoods: itacen oak, maple, ceri, goro.
• Injin Injiniya: Plywood, MDF (Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Fiberboard), allo.
NOTE: Masu aiki yakamata suyi tsammanin rage yawan kayan cire kayan da ake amfani da su akan katako mai yawa ko mafi tsauri daidai da haka.
Haɗin Laminates da Plywood
Lokacin yanke wani abu tare da kowace hanya, ya kamata a kula da 1st don la'akari da tsarin gazawar kayan. A cikin yanayin abubuwan da aka haɗa (watau shimfidar fiber carbon, wasu gilashin fiberglasses, da plywood), tsarin gazawar da yakamata a sani shine lalata yadudduka. Ana iya gwada wannan a kowane gefen abu ta hanyar ƙoƙarin buɗe gefen, da kuma lura da halayen da aka yi:
1. Crack ko da yaushe yada zuwa saman ta mafi guntu hanya - Cross-Layer gazawar.
2. Crack yada cikin jirgin saman takardar - Rashin gazawa ta hanyar lalata.
Don kayan da ya gaza ta hanyar lalatawa, gefuna na iya yankewa su dunƙule a tsaye yayin tuƙi. Don hana wannan sakamakon, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ƙarshen matsawa.
Ƙarshen matsewa yana haɗa gefen yanke mai juyawa a sama da gefen yanke mai juyawa a ƙasa. Wannan yana nufin cewa kayan da ake yankewa yana matse saman samansa da ƙasa zuwa tsakiya yayin yankewa, yana bawa ƙarfin kayan damar tsayayya da rauninsa har ya fashe a cikin tashin hankali.
Ka tuna cewa matsawa yana ƙare tura kayan da aka cire a gefe, ba sama ko ƙasa ba, don haka za'a iya cire kayan kawai tare da gefen falle.
Nau'o'in Abubuwan Haɗuwa
• Fiberglas: Ƙarfafa filastik.
• Fiber Carbon: Babban ƙarfi-zuwa-w8 rabo.
• Phenolic: Mai jure zafi, mai dorewa.
Ka tuna cewa yankin matsawa tsakanin hanyoyin yanke 2 akan ƙarshen dole ne ya kasance a tsakiya a cikin kayan ku.
- Ya kamata a yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗin gwiwar ku duka a haɗin gwiwa da kuma daban.
- Idan matrix na haɗakarwa shine resin polymer, to, yi amfani da abubuwan da suka dace da irin nau'in filastik.
- Idan abun ya ƙunshi zaruruwa masu ɓarna ko barbashi, yi amfani da ƙarshen na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da sanyaya don rage lalacewa.
Robobi
Kumfa
Ana samun kumfa na polymer don tuntuɓar CNC, kuma suna da fa'idar ƙirƙirar ƙarancin lalacewa a ƙarshe, yayin ba da damar ƙirƙirar sifofi masu rikitarwa don marufi na al'ada, kayan kwalliya, gwajin joometry, ko aikin ƙarancin haɗari. Ma'anar ma'anar waɗannan kayan shine ƙananan ƙarfin ƙarfin su, yana ba da damar yanke su da sauri da sauƙi.
Lokacin zabar waɗannan kayan, idan ƙarfin juzu'i na kumfa yana da ƙasa da ƙarfin juzu'i, to ana iya yayyage ƙugiya maimakon yankan guntu mai tsabta. Hakanan yana yiwuwa ga guntu na kumfa mai tauri da sassauƙa su tsaga su naɗe ƙarshen na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Don kumfa da ba safai ba tare da wannan haɗarin, tabbatar da yin amfani da ƙarewar yanke kaifi a babban RPM tare da tashoshi masu ƙarfi, kuma ba ƙarewa ba ko mara tushe. Duk da haka, ana iya goge kumfa mai tauri maimakon yanke don hana su lalacewa.
Filastik mai laushi
Robobi masu laushi (kamar polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa) ana siffanta su ta hanyar ma'aunin dangi: Su polymers ne waɗanda ke samar da "curls", ko guntu masu tsayi sosai, lokacin da aka yanke. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba su da wuya kuma mai yiwuwa sun fi ductile. Ka tuna cewa robobi mai laushi shima yana iya samun ƙarancin narkewa, kuma ya rasa juriyar juzu'i ta hanyar sassauƙa akan yanke lokacin zafi. Rage wannan ɗabi'a tare da sanyin yanayi, magoya baya, da yanke mara zurfi. Ƙarshen yankewa tare da ƙananan sarewa ko ƙananan tashoshi masu tayar da hankali na iya rage matsalolin da ke haifar da cunkoso tare da dogon curls.
Hard Filastik
robobi masu wuya (kamar poly methyl-methacrylate) ana siffanta su ta hanyar ma'aunin dangi: Suna samar da gajerun kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da karyewar ƙarshen lokacin yanke. Wannan yana nufin cewa sun fi ƙarfi kuma ana iya yanke su tare da ƙarancin tashoshi masu ƙarfi, tunda cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin ya kamata ya zama da sauƙi. Koyaya, zafi fiye da kima na iya zama matsala cikin sauƙi.
Robobi masu ƙarfi suna raguwa a cikin mafi girma lokacin da aka yi zafi sosai, amma suna iya narke ko ƙasƙanta daidai a wurin yankan, haifar da ƙonaccen kayan filastik don ginawa a ƙarshen na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kuma ya hana shi yankewa. Rage wannan ɗabi'a tare da sanyin yanayi, magoya baya, da yanke mara zurfi.
Nau'in Filastik
• Acrylic: bayyananne, m, mai ƙarfi.
• Polycarbonate: Babban tasiri juriya, bayyananne.
• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Dorewa, m.
• HDPE (Maɗaukakin Maɗaukaki Polyethylene): Mai nauyi, mai juriya ga danshi.
Metals
A mafi yawancin yanayi, kawai karfe wanda yakamata a yanke tare da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa shine aluminum. Wasu manyan-Si alloys na Al suna da wuyar gaske, kuma yakamata a yi amfani da su kawai a cikin injina.
Aluminum zai samar da dogon curls lokacin da aka yanke shi tare da ƙare na yau da kullum, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da raguwa idan ba a sami babban adadin izini ba. Lokacin da aluminum dole ne a yanke tare da ɗan haƙuri, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarshen guntu na musamman. Irin wannan ƙarshen, tare da kaddarorin da ke tsakanin waɗanda ke da ƙarshen abrasive da ƙarancin yankan da yawa, yana da tsarin rhombohedral na "lu'u-lu'u" wanda ke hana shingen yanke guda ɗaya daga kasancewa cikin hulɗa tare da babban adadin abu yayin juyin juyi duka, don haka karya kayan da aka cire cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa.
Ku sani cewa taurin da watsawar sanyin ƙarfe yana da kula da zafin yanayi, don haka saituna daidai na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na iya canzawa idan ba'a sarrafa zafin jiki a cikin filin aikin ku. Lokacin da zafi ya yi ƙarfi ƙarshen ya ƙare a cikin sauri saboda laushi, kuma saman ƙarfe yana daɗaɗawa, wanda ke haifar da "smearing" nakasawa maimakon tsaftataccen yankewa. Yanke sannu a hankali kuma yi amfani da magoya baya sanyaya.
A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, ana iya fatattakar karafa banda aluminum.
- Wasu gami na tagulla suna da taushi sosai don a fatattake su tare da matsananciyar kulawa, zaɓi iyakar iyaka da hanyoyin CNC da aka tsara musamman don wannan dalili.
- A ka'ida, karafa masu laushi kamar tagulla zalla, zinare, ko gubar kuma ana iya fatattakar su.
- A cikin yanayin yanayi mai yawa, kayan da ba za a iya lalacewa ba kamar ƙarfe mai laushi mai laushi, zaɓi ƙarshen yanke yankewa da ƴan sarewa.
- A cikin yanayin yanayi mai yawa, kayan da ba za a iya lalacewa ba kamar ƙarfe mai laushi mai laushi, zaɓi ƙarshen yanke yankewa da ƴan sarewa.
Nau'in Karfe
• Aluminum: Haske mai nauyi, mai jurewa lalata.
• Brass: Ado, sauƙin yanke.
• Karfe: Ƙarfi, mai ɗorewa.
• Copper: Conductive, taushi.
Dutse da Ceramic
M, kayan aiki masu wuya tare da ƙananan tauri kamar dutse mai laushi da yumbu na yau da kullum (granite, sandstone, tile) za a iya cinye su tare da ƙarewar abrasive.
Ana yin waɗannan iyakar sau da yawa da ƙarfe tare da ɓangarori na lu'u-lu'u a matsayin abrasive. Don tayal mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara, mai jujjuyawa, ko ƙarshen tsinkewar guntu da aka yi da HSS ko carbide na iya dacewa.
Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da Injin sassaƙaƙƙiya na CNC don waɗannan kayan lokacin da ake buƙatar cikakken bayani ko kuma hadadden tsarin gefuna. Saboda tsayin daka da ƙarancin zafin jiki na dutse da kayan yumbu, an ƙirƙiri babban adadin zafi kuma kaɗan kaɗan ne ake tafiyar da su ta saman da cire barbashi. Wannan yana nufin cewa zafin zafi akan ƙarshen na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa shine babbar matsala. Ana ba da shawarar sanyaya ruwa kai tsaye.
Nau'in Dutse da yumbu
Marble: M, mai laushi.
• Granite: Mai wuya, mai ɗorewa.
• Fale-falen yumbu: Mai wuya, gaggautsa.
Don cimma sakamakon da ake so a cikin ayyukan Injin sassaƙaƙƙiya na CNC kayan da ya dace shine muhimmin kashi. Kowane abu yana da kaddarorin musamman kuma yana buƙatar takamaiman kayan aiki, gudu, da dabaru. Bin mafi kyawun ayyuka da aka zayyana a cikin wannan jagorar zai taimaka muku haɓaka ƙarfin injin sassaƙan ku na CNC.
