Fasahar Laser ta shiga rayuwar mutane ta kowane fanni, amma akwai nau'ikan na'urorin samar da Laser iri-iri, kowannensu yana da tsawon zango daban-daban da halaye daban-daban, don haka fannin aikace-aikacen ma ya bambanta. Na yi imani cewa mafi yawan mutane suna jin ɗan ciwon kai a gaban rikitattun nau'ikan janareta na laser. Don haka, wannan labarin yana taƙaitawa da bayyana fasali da aikace-aikace masu amfani na nau'ikan janareta na laser ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
A cewar kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, masu samar da laser sun kasu kashi 6: m-jihar, gas, rini, Diode, fiber, da masu samar da laser na laser kyauta. Daga cikin su, akwai sassa da yawa na m-jihar da gas Laser. Sai dai free electron Laser, da asali aiki ka'idojin daban-daban Laser iri daya ne, ciki har da famfo tushen, Tantancewar resonator da samun matsakaici.
Babban Jiha Laser Generator
A cikin na'urori masu ƙarfi na Laser, ana amfani da haske gabaɗaya azaman tushen famfo, kuma crystal ko gilashin da ke iya samar da haske ana kiransa kayan aiki. Kayan ya ƙunshi matrix da ion da aka kunna. Kayan matrix yana samar da yanayi mai dacewa da yanayin aiki don ion da aka kunna, kuma ion da aka kunna ya kammala aikin samar da laser. Ions masu aiki da aka fi amfani dasu sune ions na ƙarfe na canzawa, kamar chromium, cobalt, nickel da sauran ions da ƙananan ions ƙarfe na ƙasa, irin su neodymium ions. Ana amfani da madubin da aka rufe da fina-finai na dielectric a matsayin madubi na resonator, daya daga cikinsu shine cikakken madubi kuma ɗayan shine madubi rabi. Lokacin amfani da ions da aka kunna daban-daban, kayan matrix daban-daban da tsayin raƙuman haske daban-daban, za a fitar da laser daban-daban na tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban.
Fitowar tsayin igiyar Laser ta janareta na laser na ruby shine 694.3nm, kuma ƙimar canjin hoto ta yi ƙasa, kawai 0.1%. Koyaya, rayuwar sa mai kyalli yana da tsayi, wanda ke da amfani ga ajiyar makamashi, kuma yana iya fitar da babban ƙarfin bugun bugun jini. Laser da aka samar da sandar ruby mai kauri na bakin alkalami da dogon yatsa na iya shiga cikin takardan karfe cikin sauki. Kafin fitowar tsarin laser YAG mafi inganci, ana amfani da tsarin laser na ruby a cikin yankan laser da hakowa. Bugu da ƙari, hasken 694nm yana samun sauƙi ta hanyar melanin, don haka ana amfani da laser na ruby don magance cututtuka masu launi (tabobin fata).
Saboda kaddarorinsa na kristal, Ti: Sapphire Laser janareta yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida (wato, kewayon tsayin raƙuman sauti), kuma yana iya fitar da haske tare da tsawon 660nm-1200nm kamar yadda ake buƙata. Haɗe tare da balagaggen mitar fasahar ninka sau biyu (wanda zai iya ninka mitar haske, wato, rabin tsawon zangon), za'a iya ƙara tsawon zangon zuwa 330nm-600nm. Ana amfani da tsarin laser na sapphire na titanium a cikin femto2nd spectroscopy, bincike na gani mara kyau, tsarar haske mai haske, tsarar raƙuman ruwa na terahertz, da sauransu, kuma suna da aikace-aikace a cikin kyawun likita.
YAG shine taƙaitaccen yttrium aluminum garnet, wanda shine mafi kyawun matrix crystal crystal a halin yanzu. Bayan an yi masa maganin neodymium (Nd), zai iya fitarwa 1064nm haske, kuma matsakaicin ci gaba da fitarwa zai iya kaiwa 1000w. A cikin farkon kwanakin, an yi amfani da fitilun filasha mara amfani a matsayin tushen famfo, amma hanyar famfo fitilun fitilun yana da fa'ida mai faɗi, rashin daidaituwa tare da nau'in nau'in nau'in matsakaicin riba, da babban nauyin zafi, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin juyawa na photoelectric. Don haka yanzu amfani da LD (Laser Diode) famfo, babban inganci, babban iko, da kuma tsawon rai za a iya cimma. Nd:YAG Laser janareta za a iya amfani da a maganin hemangiomas da kuma hana ƙari girma. Koyaya, lalacewar thermal ga nama ba zaɓi bane. Yayin da ake daidaita magudanar jini na ciwace-ciwacen daji, yawan kuzarin zai kuma lalata nama na al'ada da ke kewaye, kuma yana da sauƙin barin tabo bayan tiyata. Saboda haka, Nd: YAG Laser ana amfani dashi galibi a tiyata, likitan mata, ENT, da ƙasa da haka a cikin ilimin fata.
Yb: YAG, Ytterbium (Yb) an saka shi cikin YAG, wanda zai iya fitar da hasken 1030nm. Matsakaicin tsayin famfo na Yb: YAG shine 941nm, wanda ke da kusanci sosai da tsayin da ake fitarwa, wanda zai iya cimma ingancin adadin famfo na 91.4%, kuma zafin da famfon ke haifarwa yana dannewa a ciki. 10% (yawancin makamashin shigarwa yana canzawa zuwa fitarwa makamashi, karamin sashi ya zama zafi, yana nufin cewa ƙarfin juzu'i yana da girma sosai), wanda shine 25% zuwa 30% da Nd:YAG. Yb: YAG ya zama daya daga cikin mafi m m-jihar kafofin watsa labarai Laser, da LD-pumped high-power Yb: YAG m-state Laser janareta sun zama wani sabon bincike hotspot, kuma ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin ci gaba high-inganci, high-ikon m-state Laser janareta main shugabanci.
Baya ga na sama biyu, YAG kuma za a iya amfani da holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), da dai sauransu. Ho: YAG samar da ido-labaran 2097nm da 2091nm Laser, akasari don sadarwa na gani, radar da likita aikace-aikace. Er: YAG yana fitar da haske na 2.9 μm, kuma jikin ɗan adam yana da ƙimar sha mai yawa na wannan tsayin tsayi, wanda ke da babban damar aikace-aikacen don tiyatar laser da tiyatar jijiyoyin jini.
Gas Laser Generator
Gas Laser janareta ne Laser tsarin da yin amfani da gas a matsayin riba matsakaici, kullum famfo gas fitarwa. Nau'in iskar gas sun haɗa da iskar atom (helium-neon, iskar gas mai daraja, da tururin ƙarfe), iskar kwayoyin halitta (nitrogen da carbon dioxide), iskar gas, kuma ana samar da su ta hanyar halayen sinadarai.
HeNe Laser janareta (HeNe) yana amfani da cakuda 75% ko fiye He da 15% ko ƙasa da Ne a matsayin matsakaicin riba. Dangane da yanayin aiki, yana iya fitar da kore (543.5nm), rawaya (594.1nm), orange (612.0nm), ja (632.8nm) da nau'ikan hasken infrared iri uku (3nm, 1152nm da 1523nm), wanda aka fi amfani da shi jan haske (3391nm). Fitar da katako ta hanyar janareta na Laser HeNe yana da rarraba Gaussian, kuma ingancin katako yana da ƙarfi sosai. Kodayake ƙarfin ba shi da girma, yana da kyakkyawan aiki a fagen ma'auni daidai.
Na kowa mai daraja Laser janareta su ne argon ions (Ar+) da krypton ions (Kr+). Adadin jujjuyawar kuzarinsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa 0.6%, kuma yana iya ci gaba da fitar da ƙarfin 30-50w na dogon lokaci, kuma tsawon rayuwarsa ya wuce 1000h. Yafi amfani da Laser nuni, Raman spectroscopy, holography, nonlinear optics da sauran bincike filayen, kazalika da likita ganewar asali, bugu launi rabuwa, metrology kayan aiki da bayanai sarrafa.
Karfe tururi Laser janareta daukan jan karfe tururi a matsayin misali. Na'urar laser ta tururi na jan ƙarfe galibi yana fitar da hasken kore (510.5nm) da hasken rawaya (578.2nm), wanda zai iya kaiwa matsakaicin ƙarfin 100w da ƙarfin kololuwar 100kw. Babban yanki na aikace-aikacen sa shine tushen famfo na janareta laser rini. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi don ɗaukar hoto mai sauri, TV tsinkaya babba da sarrafa kayan aiki.
Na'urar Laser kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta yana amfani da nitrogen a matsayin matsakaicin riba, wanda zai iya fitar da hasken ultraviolet na 337.1 nm, 357.7 nm da 315.9 nm, kuma mafi girman ƙarfin zai iya kaiwa 45kw. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman tushen hasken famfo don janareta na laser fenti na kwayoyin halitta, kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin rabuwar laser na isotopes, ganewar asali mai kyalli, daukar hoto mai saurin sauri, gano gurbatar yanayi, kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya, da kiwo. Domin gajeren zangonsa ya fi sauƙi a mai da hankali don samun ƙaramin tabo, ana kuma iya amfani da shi don aiwatar da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Matsakaicin riba da ake amfani da shi a cikin CO2 Laser janareta ne carbon dioxide gauraye da helium da nitrogen, wanda zai iya fitar da nisa-infrared haske a tsakiya a 9.6 μm da 10.6 μm wavelengths. A janareta yana da babban ƙarfin jujjuya adadin kuzari, ikon fitarwa na iya kewayawa daga watts da yawa zuwa dubun dubatan watts, kuma ingancin katako mai girman gaske yana sa CO2 Laser janareta yadu amfani da kayan aiki, kimiyya bincike, kasa tsaro da kuma magani. Za ku hadu daban-daban CO2 Laser Yankan Machines da kuma Laser Engraving Machines don sassaƙa & yankan itace, MDF, plywood, masana'anta, fata, gilashin, filastik, da acrylic a rayuwar yau da kullun da kasuwancin ku.
Excimers ne m kwayoyin da suke cike da garwaya na daban-daban daraja gas da halogen gas a cikin resonator don samar da Laser daban-daban raƙuman ruwa. Yawanci ana samun tashin hankali ta hanyar igiyoyin lantarki masu alaƙa (makamashi wanda ya fi 200 keV) ko kuma ta hanyar jujjuyawar bugun bugun jini. Lokacin da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kwayoyin halitta na ma'aunin zafin jiki na jihar mai zumudi ya karye kuma aka raba su cikin kwayoyin halitta na kasa, ana fitar da kuzarin yanayin jin dadi a cikin sigar laser radiation. Ana amfani dashi ko'ina a fannin likitanci, sadarwa ta gani, nunin semiconductor, jin nesa, makamai masu linzami da sauran fannoni.
Chemical Laser janareta ne na musamman irin gas Laser tsarin da yin amfani da makamashi saki ta sinadaran dauki don gane barbashi lamba inversion. Yawancinsu suna aiki ne a yanayin canjin kwayoyin halitta, kuma madaidaicin tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa yana cikin yankin kusa-infrared zuwa tsakiyar infrared spectral area. Mafi mahimmanci sune na'urorin hydrogen fluoride (HF) da deuterium fluoride (DF). Tsohon zai iya fitar da fiye da 15 layi na bakan tsakanin 2.6 da 3.3 microns; na karshen yana da kusan layukan gani 25 tsakanin 3.5 da 4.2 microns. Duk na'urorin biyu a halin yanzu suna iya fitar da megawatt da yawa. Saboda yawan makamashin da yake da shi, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a fannin injiniyan nukiliya da na soja.
Dye Laser Generator
Rini Laser janareta amfani da wani Organic rini a matsayin Laser matsakaici, yawanci wani ruwa bayani. Za a iya amfani da janareta na rini na Laser gabaɗaya a kan mafi girman kewayon raƙuman raƙuman ruwa fiye da gaseous da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi-jihar. Faɗin bandwidth ɗin su ya sa su dace musamman don masu jan wutar lantarki na Laser. Duk da haka, saboda gajeriyar matsakaiciyar rayuwa da ƙarancin fitarwa, ana maye gurbinsa da gaske da lasers mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kamar titanium sapphire.
Diode Laser Generator
Diode Laser janareta shine tsarin laser wanda ke amfani da kayan semiconductor azaman kayan aiki. Akwai nau'ikan motsa jiki guda uku: allurar lantarki, haɓakar wutar lantarki da bututun gani. Ƙananan girman, ƙananan farashi, babban inganci, tsawon rayuwar sabis, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin bayanan lantarki, Laser bugu, Laser pointer, sadarwa na gani, Laser TV, ƙaramin Laser projector, bayanan lantarki, haɗaɗɗen kayan gani da sauran filayen.
Fiber Laser Generator
Fiber Laser janareta yana nufin wani nau'in tsarin laser wanda ke amfani da filayen gilashin gilashin da ba kasafai ba a matsayin matsakaicin riba. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin bugu na ƙarfe da ba ƙarfe ba, yin alama, zane-zane, hakowa, yankan, tsaftacewa, walƙiya (brazing, quenching water, cladding da zurfin walda), soja, tsaro da tsaro, kayan aikin likitanci, manyan abubuwan more rayuwa, kuma azaman famfo don sauran hanyoyin laser. Zaku hadu fiber Laser Engraving Machines don keɓaɓɓen rubutu da tsari, fiber Laser Yankan Machines don ƙera ƙarfe, fiber Laser tsaftacewa inji don cire tsatsa, cire fenti, da cire sutura, fiber Laser waldi inji don haɗin gwiwar karfe a rayuwar ku.
Kyautar Electron Laser Generator
Kyautar Laser janareta sabon nau'in babban tushen hasken wuta mai ƙarfi daban-daban da janareta na laser na gargajiya. Ba ya buƙatar iskar gas, ruwa ko ƙaƙƙarfan azaman kayan aiki, amma kai tsaye yana jujjuya makamashin motsa jiki na katako mai ƙarfi na lantarki zuwa madaidaicin makamashin radiation. Sabili da haka, ana iya la'akari da cewa kayan aikin na'urar janareta ta laser kyauta kyauta ce ta lantarki. Yana da jerin kyawawan halaye irin su babban iko, babban inganci, fa'ida mai tsayin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da tsarin lokaci na ƙwanƙwasa gajere. Sai dai, babu wani janareta na Laser da zai iya samun waɗannan siffofi a lokaci guda. Yana da buƙatu masu yawa a fagagen binciken kimiyyar lissafi, makamai masu linzami, haɗin laser, photochemistry, da hanyoyin sadarwa na gani.
